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Collection Framework of Java

 The Java Collection Framework provides a set of interfaces and classes that allow you to work with groups of objects in a standardized way. The framework is divided into several interfaces and classes, including `List`, `Set`, `Queue`, `Map`, and their various implementations. Here’s an overview of the main interfaces and classes in the Java Collection Framework, along with examples for each: ### 1. **List Interface** - **Characteristics**: Ordered collection (sequence) that allows duplicates. Elements can be accessed by their index. #### Implementations: - **ArrayList**: Resizable array implementation of the `List` interface. - **LinkedList**: Doubly-linked list implementation of the `List` and `Deque` interfaces. - **Vector**: Synchronized, resizable array implementation. - **Stack**: A subclass of `Vector` that represents a last-in, first-out (LIFO) stack. #### Example: ```java import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Vector; import java.util.St...
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Compiler vs Interpreter vs JIT Compiler

 Interpreter : Interpreter is a program which translates code into the intermediate code(Byte code) and then  executes line by line at runtime . That's why Speed is low. * Initial Phase: Source code is executed directly. * Runtime Monitoring: Code is interpreted line by line or statement by statement.   * Execution Phase: Execution happens in real-time without a separate compilation step. * Advantages: Flexibility, immediate feedback. Compiler :  Compiler converts code into machine code before program runs.  * Initial Phase: Source code is compiled into machine code or intermediate form. * Compilation Phase: Entire program is compiled before execution starts. * Execution Phase: Executable or machine code is run directly by the CPU. * Advantages: Fast execution, extensive optimizations. JIT Compiler :   * Initial Phase: Source code is compiled to bytecode. * Runtime Monitoring: JIT compiler detects hot spots during runtime. * Co...
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USB Port

 [USB Device]     |    v [USB Port on Computer]    |    v [Data Transfer] - High-speed data transfer between device and computer.    |    v [Power Supply] - Provides power to charge devices or power peripherals.    |    v [Hot Swapping] - Connect/disconnect devices without turning off the computer.    |    v [Plug-and-Play] - Automatic detection and driver installation.    |    v [Universal Compatibility] - Works with various devices and older USB versions.    |    v [Multiple Device Support] - Hubs allow connecting multiple devices.    |    v [Data Synchronization] - Transfer files and sync data.
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Browser and Search Engine

Search Engine: Web pages ko index karta hai aur search queries ke basis pe results generate karta hai. Browser: Search engine ke hyperlinks ko display karta hai, aur user clicks karne par relevant web page ko load karta hai.  ### **Search Engine Features:** - **Crawling:**    - Web pages ko automatically visit karke unka content gather karna. - **Indexing:**    - Web pages ke content, metadata, aur keywords ko structured format mein store karna. - **Query Processing:**   - User queries ko analyze karna aur relevant indexed pages ko retrieve karna. - **Ranking:**    - Retrieved pages ko relevance aur quality ke basis pe rank karna. - **Search Results:**    - Search queries ke basis pe results generate karna jisme text snippets, images, and links included hote hain. - **Autocomplete:**    - Search suggestions provide karna jab user query type karta hai. - **Personalization:**    - User’s search history aur preferences k...
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What is Server ?

Let's break it down into simpler terms and use examples to illustrate each type of server. ### What is a Server? A **server** is a powerful computer or software that provides resources, data, services, or programs to other computers, called **clients**, over a network. Think of a server as a helper or provider that clients can ask for information or services. ### Types of Servers with Examples 1. **Web Server**:    - **Purpose**: Delivers web pages to your browser when you visit a website.    - **Example**: When you type `www.example.com` in your browser, a web server (like Apache or Nginx) sends the web page to your browser.    ![Web Server Example](https://i.imgur.com/5jBWpZa.png) 2. **Database Server**:    - **Purpose**: Stores and manages data in a structured way and allows you to retrieve and manipulate this data.    - **Example**: When you use an app like Facebook, the database server stores all your profile information, posts, and...
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What is DBMS ?

 ### DBMS (Database Management System) A **Database Management System (DBMS)** is software that interacts with the user, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A DBMS allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a database. It ensures data integrity, security, and concurrency while providing support for data manipulation and retrieval. #### Types of DBMS 1. **Hierarchical DBMS**:    - Data is organized in a tree-like structure.    - Example: IBM Information Management System (IMS). 2. **Network DBMS**:    - Data is organized in a graph, allowing many-to-many relationships.    - Example: Integrated Data Store (IDS). 3. **Relational DBMS (RDBMS)**:    - Data is stored in tables (relations) and can be linked based on data common to each.    - Examples: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server. 4. **Object-oriented DBMS (OODBMS)**:    - Data is stored in objects, similar...
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swing Imp

Listing methods for each class in `java.awt.event.*`, `java.awt.*`, and `javax.swing.*` comprehensively would be extensive here. Instead, I'll outline a representative set of methods for some key classes across these packages to give you a sense of their functionalities. ### `java.awt.event.*` Here are example methods from some key classes in `java.awt.event.*`: 1. **`ActionEvent`**:    - `getActionCommand()`    - `getModifiers()`    - `getSource()` 2. **`ActionListener`** (Functional Interface):    - `void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)` 3. **`MouseEvent`**:    - `getX()`    - `getY()`    - `getButton()`    - `getClickCount()` 4. **`MouseListener`**:    - `void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e)`    - `void mousePressed(MouseEvent e)`    - `void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e)` 5. **`KeyListener`**:    - `void keyTyped(KeyEvent e)`    - `void keyPressed(KeyEvent e)` ...
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